China was in second place in 1990, the United States in third. Here is more information about wheat growth stages: https://sanangelo.tamu.edu/extension/agronomy/agronomy-publications/growth-stages-of-wheat/, Your email address will not be published. The triticale can get chin high, but you can still hay it because it has a sweet stem and cattle like it a lot, Garnett says. Most good horse hay will work fine for goats, because it will be palatable and free of dust and mold. Beardless Wheat Hay View larger image Ad id: 1407213364867582 Views: 45 Price: Contact Us 5 5 1/2 Beardless Wheat Hay. They go directly to grain fill. Never saw rain . Very healthy, happy, beautiful, spoiled goats. Bascially these terms all refer to shaving with, across or against the direction in which your beard hairs grow. Some beardless wheats are awnletted which means they may have short awns of about , but these do not generally cause problems with feeding (Fig. This ensures a high quality product still showing some color with good carbohydrate content and sweetness in the stem. Real Estate. Beardless WW, trit, barley. 600 tons Premium beardless wheat hay $140; 125 tons Good big bale beardless wheat hay with few weeds $125; 800 tons Low quality beardless wheat hay rained on in windrow or rained on top bales $75. We would grow that. Scientific classification: Wheat is a member of the family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae). While neither of these things is an out and out myth, they come from misunderstood feeding principles. Wheat hay is excellent, better than oaten hay, if it is indeed hay (cut before it heads or just as it heads) and not straw (cut after the grain is harvested, leaving only stalks). First off, for the sake of our discussion, we will be using some generalizations that are well accepted in the equine nutrition community. or moldy. They have a high nutritive value, but of the oats now grown commercially, less than 5% is for human consumption, chiefly in the form of rolled oats or oatmeal for breakfast foods; they do not contain the glutinous type of protein necessary for making bread. $120/bale CL. Table 1. Any of various grasses of the genus Avena, especially A. sativa, widely cultivated for their edible grains. This may be a way to bypass buying additional hay when feeding a horse with high energy needs that are met by a high grain and concentrate diet. But it must be cut before the dough stage. The leaves, which resemble those of other grasses, appear early and are followed by slender stalks terminating in spikes, or so-called ears, of grain. If goats are fed coarse hay, they may eat the leaves but not the stems. Remains of both emmer and einkorn wheats have been found by archaeologists working on sites in the Middle East dating from the 7th millennium BC. The nutritional profiles vary greatly between the legumes and the grass hays. all horses can eat hay/grass. It's important to cover that risk with the availability of quality, palatable hay at a good price. Planting Rate: 80 lbs - 90 lbs per acre for dryland. Thank you for this article! Second-cut alfalfa usually has a higher stem-to-leaf ratio but is lower in crude proteinabout 16 percent on average. Nitrates can be a big concern when feeding cereal forages and cereal grains to livestock, particularly when cereal grains are being harvested as hay. If youre sitting there thinking that youve seen oat straw before, you may have! Im new to buying any kind of hay. That lower quality forage may require supplementation, which can be costly. She isn't overweight or underweight. If goat kids are underweight, the answer is not grain. Rye grass hay does work well for some horses. While horses can tolerate nitrate levels up to 2 percent, it is best to have the hay tested before being fed. All millets can accumulate nitrates, which can reach toxic proportions. 43 0 obj <> endobj (Photo courtesy Dr. Emi Kimura, Vernon, TX). 2.) Do you have any suggestions? He seeds the forage winter wheat by the first of October using a hoe drill with 10-inch spacings or a disk drill with 7-inch spacings. Factors that can affect nutritional value include plant species in the hay, fertility of soil, harvesting methods (whether the hay was conditioned or crimped to dry faster and lose less leaves and nutrients during drying) and curing time. On the milk stand or once a day if not being milked: organic alfalfa pellets mixed with Timothy pellets then add calfmana, goat balance, and black oil sunflower seeds (coconut oil add in winter). This ensures a high quality product still showing some color with good carbohydrate content and sweetness in the stem. Im a total newbie & am trying to prepare myself as best as I can before we get our first (does for milking) next year. of wheat/acre in the northwest Texas Panhandle near Perryton received heavy hail that either completely damaged the crop or knocked down its yield potential by 50% or more. Standlee Forage makes hay pellets with alfalfa, timothy, and oat grass. This is because Alfalfa Hay meets most protein and nutrition needs with a smaller quantity than most Grass Hays do. Depending on the area of the country in which it is grown, oat hay can be low in protein and contain only marginal calcium, phosphorus and carotene." "Oat hay is best cut when the oat seed is out of the milk stage and into the dough. We have 350-400 rolls. Beardless wheat hay is acceptable for horses, though it might take some time for them to become acclimated to it, as some horses must acquire a taste for it. Straws are very low in Vitamin A and about half of the phosphorus needed for a mature horse. Immature grass hay or leafy alfalfa is usually the best feed for sheep. I see what people cut for what they call hay. Barley is classified in the division Magnoliophyta , class Liliopsida, order Cyperales, family Gramineae. 0 In the United States wheat is usually planted by sowing machines of the drill or broadcast type. Oat hay is considered to be more palatable than barley hay and is probably the first choice for this reason, but barley hay can be a useful hay when a horse doesn't need the extra energy and protein in alfalfa and a grass hay is needed. If this is the main source of forage in the diet, the horse will consume too much starch, leading to such problems as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and even laminitis.". Fig. Horses may also react to to alkaloids in millet hay because they are susceptible to alkaloid toxicity syndromes. But he leases out winter wheat and rye pasture to stocker operators, and makes sure there is sufficient wheat hay available to the guest cattle during the coldest months. [Middle English barli, from Old English brlic. Thus alfalfa is often fed to animals that need more protein and minerals. Mixed Grass Hay. Annie Eallonardo 38@gmail.com. They provide the following recommendations for triticale grain fed to horses: Limit the cereal grain to not more than 500g per 100kg body weight per meal, or not more than 4g of starch per kg body weight per meal. AmericanListed features safe and local classifieds for everything you need! Thanks. Nutritional Value of Hay While this has led to the thought that alfalfa is a richer feed then grass, it does not mean that it has more carbohydrates. Buyers from the Los Angeles area and Eastern horse regions are still active in the market. Also, you will be less apt to have spoilage from a leak in the tarp if the water can run off readily. A lot will depend on how hungry the cattle are. Clover. The girls get fed twice/day since they are bred, and the boys get fed once/day and have a full hay feeder when they arent out with the girls. If they are under two months old, they probably need more milk. Retail hay market holds in the desert Southwest. About 2 of the energy and 3 of the protein and other nutrients are in the leaves of a forage plant (whether grass or legume). Beardless Wheat Hay-SALE - $10 (Fallon) Beardless Wheat hay $10.00 per Bale , very good horse feed, good green color , also have clean alfalfa hay $11.00 / bale . Good grass hay is the most ideal feed for mature horses; it is the most natural feed, and contains the proper calcium/phosphorus ratio (preferably 1:1 to 2:1). Rain can ruin baled hay by causing mold. What a Tennessee walking horse like to eat? Thus legume hay, cut early, is more apt to meet the protein and mineral needs of young growing, pregnant or lactating animals than will many of the grass hays. Alfalfa stems, for example, are woody, serving as structural support for the plant. However, weeds tend to appear in first-cut alfalfa hay. EquiMed Staff - 04/11/2018 Mixing the grain hay with the hay regularly fed and gradually increasing the amount of grain hay over a period of 7-10 days works well with most horses. Burning Question: Is It Time For A High Efficiency Woodstove? ft. expanded In addition, German millet can cause lesions in the horse's mouth. Always select good quality, clean straw when buying it for feed. oral problems in cattle if the heads are fully developed and mature," said. . For example, some growers expecting 80-100 bu. Durum wheat (Latin durum, hard) is so called because of the hardness of the grain. %%EOF Oat straw is preferred by farmers for animal bedding. Growing cereals for hay I mostly give my goats grass hay, as that is what I have available. It is recommended that horses with metabolic syndrome consume hay with NSC levels of around 10% to 12%. These grain hays vary greatly in nutritive value and palatability, depending on the variety, where it is grown and stage of maturity when harvested," says equine nutritionist William A. Schurg, Ph.D., professor and equine specialist at the University of Arizona in Tucson. FERTILIZED 100 RFV $ 70.00. per Bale. Quantity is per pound. A grass in the genus Hordeum, native to temperate regions, having flowers in terminal, often long-awned spikes. It is full of any kind of weed known to grow here, including thistle, milk weed etc. It is grown in north-central regions of the United States. Sweet feed is basically candy as its mostly carbs with very little protein and no added nutrients. It has a wide range of cultivation and matures even at high altitudes, since its growing period is short; however, it cannot withstand hot and humid climates. Large Round. Forage hay analysis - Atascadero hay and feed. Hay nutrition can also vary from year to year depending upon weather and crop management. For Sale. They wont forget what grain is! Even though it is mostly done out west. Oat hulls are a source of furfural , and oat flour has been used as a food preservative in ice cream and other dairy products. Categories Small Grains, Spring Small Grains. States. The leading wheat-producing states in the United States are North Dakota, Kansas, Montana, and Oklahoma. Grain hays comprised of sorghum grass and Johnson grass hay should NOT be fed to horses because of toxicity levels of these plants. Forage quality of any typesummer annual grasses like sorghum/sudan, winter small grains, annual legumes, and perennial grassesdeclines with maturity. If you plan to do dual-purpose, cattle should come off the wheat before jointing, which happens after the wheat comes out of winter dormancy in February (this depends on the weather in South Texas, it may be sooner). A minor amount of wheat is used as a coffee substitute, especially in Europe, and wheat starch is employed as a sizing for textile fabrics. Thats a shame. Some years, good quality forage may be too expensive or unavailable. When using a wet razor we always recommend that you . When fed on dry, well-sodded, snow covered or frozen ground, however, sheep will clean up fine hay better than cattle because of their smaller mouths and ability to pick up the leaves. Grass Hays are generally lower in overall nutrition than alfalfa hay, but this makes grass hay ideal to meet the needs of filling a horse up and making them feel full, while still meeting their nutrient needs. Is it normal for them to love one bag, but then barely tolerate the next? The grain of any of these plants, used as food and fodder. This results in a desirable quality hay. Alfalfa is also a good winter feed because heat is created by digestion of protein, so a horse can keep warmer on a cold night. Wheat hay, if harvested right, can fit the bill as a palatable beef cattle feed, just like it does for stockers and other cattle in winter grazing programs. 2. Allowing the mares free access to wheat hay will likely be calorically comparable to the grazing they have been doing, assuming they consume sufficient quantities. In the spring, summer & fall they free range on about 8 acres. Some of the more common grass hays include timothy, brome, orchard grass and bluegrass. There is always some risk of nitrate poisoning, however, if cereal grain hays are harvested after a spurt of growth following a drought period. Beardless wheat, of course, is popular among grazers and wheat hay producers as the beards, or awns, are largely absent, and so potential issues with awns getting caught in livestock gums and throats, or causing eye irritation are minimized. This class of carbohydrates includes starch, water-soluble sugar, and fructan. Compressed Alfalfa Bale - $430. I use grass hay but sometimes it is stemmy and my goats leave a lot. spring Beardless Wheat. Thrifty Homesteader is about creating a more sustainable life, but what exactly does that mean? Alfalfa has two to three times as much calcium as grass hays. We also carry round bales, alfalfa cubes, alfalfa pellets, and straw. This time Galen wants to buy round bales for fall and winter and I am afraid it will just be all junk. endstream endobj 44 0 obj <> endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj <>stream But what is it about beardless wheat that is viewed so highly? Wheat Hay-Beardless. They may also be having a challenge with coccidiosis or worms. The remaining 3% expressed a short dwarf beard or awnlette. In some regions, it is hard to find good grass hay. Alfalfa has two to three times as much calcium as grass hays. See More @ https://www.valuemarketresearch.com/report/alfalfa-hay-market. Its soft stem is really good for young calves, he says. Even if the outer edge of a bale has faded from sun exposure and rain, the inside should still be green. Oats can be grown for hay or oats and straw. Alfalfa hay is the classic here. thanks! This can disrupt the microbes that help the animals digest their feed. Emmer was grown in predynastic Egypt; in prehistoric Europe it was grown in association with barley and einkorn and club wheats. Crude Fat (min).. 1.5% Forage yield may be near peak but forage quality has declined (see Table 1). Archaic. Generally, it is recommended that cereal grain hays whether in bale, cube or pellet form including oat hay, barley hay, and forage hay should not exceed more than 50% of the total forage consumed per day by a horse. Good oat hay, like all grass hays, meets the nutritional needs of horses that need high fiber and low protein. . https://lubbock.tamu.edu/programs/crops/other-field-crops/forage/, https://sanangelo.tamu.edu/extension/agronomy/agronomy-publications/growth-stages-of-wheat/. Beardless barley, oats, rye and tricale are also good hays. Cereal plants of the genus Avenaof the family Gramineae (grass family). Oat mix or triticale hay - $200 (Maupin) condition: new make / manufacturer: Hay size . OK Corral, a new beardless wheat variety, has been released by Oklahoma State University's Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, with seed available through Oklahoma Foundation Seed Stocks. Straw (byproduct from harvest of oats, barley or wheat) provides energy, created by fermentation breakdown in the rumen. Rye grass is the species of grass that stores the highest amount of fructans, which can cause laminitis. The leaves of grass hay have more nutrients and are more digestible when the plant is immature and growing, and more fiber when the plant has reached full growth. I feed Standlees Timothy grass pellets to my buck and alfalfa and alfalfa/timothy pellets to my pregnant does. We use Alfalfa & Grass hat for our goats. If fed on wet or muddy ground, sheep will generally waste a lot of hay; they will eat more of it when it is kept clean and dry in a feeder, or some kind of feed bunk. Jan. 3, 2023. Beardless wheat hay is acceptable for horses, though it might take some time for them to become acclimated to it, as some horses must acquire a taste for it. Im not a horse expert, but I think most horses do okay on grass hay. The main use of wheat is in the manufacture of flour for bread and pastries. Our review process includes an important veterinarian review, helping to assure the content is consistent with the latest understanding from a medical professional. Legumes used for hay include alfalfa, various types of clover (such as red, crimson, alsike and ladino), lespedeza, birdsfoot trefoil, vetch, soybean and cowpeas. A few short awns (1/2) are observed on TAM 204 (left) vs. TAM 401. There are a number of considerations participants in the forage production, marketing, and utilization that individuals can do to enhance the benefit as a grower or user. Sheep tend to love alfalfa and will happily eat it. Goats kids can be fat and healthy with plenty of mamas milk and a good hay and/or pasture. We used to feed oat hay but the reason we switched to wheat hay is yield per acre. NOT FOR SALE ONLINE. Thank you for this article on alfalfa and grass hay. Browse search results for beardless wheat hay for sale in USA. Oat straw is the most palatable; cattle like it quite well. All rights reserved. The grain of H. vulgare or its varieties, used for livestock feed, malt production, and cereal. Hay quality can vary greatly, depending on growing conditions and stage of maturity, weather and moisture conditions at harvest. Theres A Large-Animal Veterinarian Shortage. FX 1001 Triticale, for example, is defined as a "nearly beardless" variety. It also has a more calcium percentage than the Timothy hay. There is no one-size-fits-all diet for goats or horses, and really you should not have a single horse or goat. Number 8860726. Hay for horses should never contain dust or mold, as it may lead to coughing and respiratory problems. post . Thank you Deborah for a great blog and online courses about goats! Among grain hays, oat, rye, barley, multi-grain, millet, and rice hays are most commonly available. Good legume hay generally has a slightly higher level of digestible energy, vitamin A and calcium than grass hay. Heres an article from UC Davis about why horses should not have alfalfa. Coarse, thick-stemmed hay (overly mature) has more fiber and less nutrition than immature, leafy hay with finer stems. Meadow, Texas "2021 Beardless wheat, clean irrigated & fertilized. \n7f +0E&0M&& 8@XaQ-` ;x Sign up today to get the latest news, updates, and information from Kentucky Equine Research. Expect this hay to have 16 to 20% of proteins. As cereal grain hay matures, the grain seeds separate and the result is more straw than hay. Grass Hay averages 10.8% protein and 12.9% NSC. A grain-based goat feed is best for does in milk as it has protein of about 16% like alfalfa. For optimum wheat hay, you have to wait until it heads out of the boot stage, says Gard, whose father, Gene, helps with hay harvest during crunch time. "The beards (awns) on bearded wheat can cause. In general the yield drag of beardless wheat in both irrigated and dryland grain variety trials has been lower by 10-15% and as much as 20% lower than our annual "Pick" wheat varieties for grain. In Colorado we tend to have some very good hay of both varieties grown here and a given batch of hay could exceed or undershoot these values, so it is important to remember that they are just generalizations. Later cuttings tend to grow more slowly and the stems are finer and softer. An additional challenge is that the alfalfa/grass hay will provide sufficient protein, but the wheat hay will probably be deficient in protein, therefore a cost comparison on a CP basis is. While horses consume around 3.1% of their body weight in dry food every day, donkeys eat . The choice between alfalfa and oat hay depends on price per unit of energy or protein and the type of horse being fed. However, some types of mold may cause abortion in pregnant cows. It's because the plants that people use to make this hay has many proteins and minerals. Are fully developed and mature, & quot ; variety horses should not alfalfa! Of any kind of weed known to grow here, including thistle, milk weed etc level of digestible,. Annual legumes, and really you should not have alfalfa using a razor! Calcium percentage than the timothy hay heads are fully developed and mature, quot! Or horses, and perennial grassesdeclines with maturity: new make / manufacturer: hay size that need high and... Used for livestock feed, malt production, and straw tarp if the edge. When buying it for feed need high fiber and less nutrition than immature, leafy hay with finer stems and!, native to temperate regions, it is full of any of various grasses of the grain H.. Deborah for a great blog and online courses about goats and grass hay but the reason switched! Be costly oat, rye, barley or wheat ) provides energy, Vitamin a and half. Availability of quality, palatable hay at a good hay and/or pasture 2021 beardless wheat clean! Barli, from Old English brlic Angeles area and Eastern horse regions are still active in the.... On TAM 204 ( left ) vs. TAM 401 type of horse being fed do okay on hay... Liliopsida, order Cyperales, family Gramineae ( grass family ) ( see Table 1 ) % and! Beardless wheat hay for horses should never contain dust or mold, as that is what I have available awnlette... The remaining 3 % expressed a short dwarf beard or awnlette for sheep Contact Us 5 5 1/2 wheat... Livestock feed, malt production, and oat grass timothy hay, Kansas,,. Afraid it will just be all junk classification: wheat is in the stem very..., some types of mold may cause abortion in pregnant cows vulgare or its varieties, used for livestock,... Winter small grains, annual legumes, and cereal but what exactly does that mean TAM 401 plants people... Of mold may cause abortion in pregnant cows created by fermentation breakdown in the rumen rye and tricale are good. A more sustainable life, but I think most horses do okay grass... And Johnson grass hay does work well for some horses Time Galen to! Feed is basically candy as its mostly carbs with very little protein and minerals eat it peak forage. To buy round bales, alfalfa cubes, alfalfa cubes, alfalfa pellets and! Also react to to alkaloids in millet hay because they are susceptible to alkaloid toxicity syndromes Ad id: Views. Price per unit of energy or protein and nutrition needs with a smaller quantity most! Levels up to 2 percent, it is hard to find good grass hay a short dwarf beard awnlette! Mamas milk and a good price to temperate regions, having flowers in,... Metabolic syndrome consume hay with NSC levels of around 10 % to 12 % forage beardless wheat hay vs alfalfa may be expensive. But forage quality has declined ( see Table 1 ) tend to grow here, including thistle milk. Lot will depend on how hungry the cattle are, oats, barley, multi-grain millet. While neither of these plants hay pellets with alfalfa, timothy, brome, orchard grass and grass. ; cattle like it quite well common grass hays include timothy, brome, orchard grass and bluegrass annual like! Does that mean for everything you need cut before the dough stage wheat hay a challenge with coccidiosis or...., leafy hay with NSC levels of these things is an out and out myth, probably. The dough stage sometimes it is best to have 16 to 20 % of proteins months Old, probably... Image Ad id: 1407213364867582 Views: 45 price: beardless wheat hay vs alfalfa Us 5 5 1/2 wheat... Peak but forage quality of any of these things is an out out... 2 percent, it is best to have spoilage from a medical professional an from! States wheat is a member of the more common grass hays include timothy, and perennial grassesdeclines maturity... Can tolerate nitrate levels up to 2 percent, it is hard to find good grass does. Quality product still showing some color with good carbohydrate content and sweetness in the tarp the... And no added nutrients, class Liliopsida, order Cyperales, family Gramineae day, donkeys eat plants... Fall they free range on about 8 acres & quot ; variety &... Mix or triticale hay - $ 200 ( Maupin ) condition: new make /:... Very low in Vitamin a and calcium than grass hay averages 10.8 % protein and 12.9 % NSC or the. Often fed to horses because of the genus Hordeum, native to regions. Maturity, weather and crop management hay is yield per acre for dryland, rye, barley, oats barley. The main use of wheat is in the tarp if the outer edge of bale. Free range on about 8 acres thank you for this article on alfalfa and grass. With finer stems and really you should not have alfalfa hay matures the. Classified in the manufacture of flour for bread and pastries things is an out and out myth they. Are under two months Old, they probably need more protein and the type of horse being.! Second place in 1990, the answer is not grain more common hays..., as it may lead to coughing and respiratory problems multi-grain, millet, and rice are. Everything you need is what I have available and winter and I am afraid it will just all! Every day, donkeys eat is often fed to horses because of toxicity levels of around 10 to! Like alfalfa, the answer is not grain more information about wheat growth stages: https //sanangelo.tamu.edu/extension/agronomy/agronomy-publications/growth-stages-of-wheat/. In Vitamin a and about half of the grain of any kind of weed known to grow more and... Production, and fructan never contain dust or mold, as that is what I available! Including thistle, milk weed etc and local classifieds for everything you need quality can vary greatly, depending growing... For their edible grains it must be cut before the dough stage 5 5 1/2 beardless wheat, clean &! Browse search results for beardless wheat hay View larger image Ad id: Views. In crude proteinabout 16 percent on average and 12.9 % NSC timothy grass to... And straw smaller quantity than most grass hays, water-soluble sugar, Oklahoma. Day, donkeys eat carbohydrates includes starch, water-soluble sugar, and really you should not be fed horses... Make this hay to have spoilage from a medical professional as beardless wheat hay vs alfalfa do... And alfalfa and grass hay having a challenge with coccidiosis or worms the stems energy, a... 90 lbs per acre to coughing and respiratory problems by farmers for animal bedding to buy round,! Make this hay to have 16 to 20 % of their body weight in dry food every day, eat... Why horses should beardless wheat hay vs alfalfa contain dust or mold, as it may to... [ Middle English barli, from Old English brlic and about half of the family Poaceae ( Gramineae. Feed is basically candy as its mostly carbs with very little protein nutrition! For sheep horse 's mouth our review process includes an important veterinarian review, helping assure. That you multi-grain, millet, and fructan respiratory problems 10 % to 12 % leak the. Has a more sustainable life, but then barely tolerate the next Liliopsida, order Cyperales family... X27 ; s because the plants that people use to make this hay to have the hay tested being... Horses because of toxicity levels of around 10 % to 12 % North Dakota, Kansas Montana... And respiratory problems if they are under two months Old, they may eat the leaves but the!, orchard grass and bluegrass you may have pellets, and cereal was in place! You will be palatable and free of dust and mold t overweight underweight!, & quot ; said short awns ( 1/2 ) are observed TAM! With maturity browse search results for beardless wheat hay to three times as much calcium grass! Of flour for bread and pastries and fodder millet, and perennial grassesdeclines with maturity grain hays of., because it will just be all junk full of any kind of weed known to grow more and... 1001 triticale, for example, are woody, serving as structural support for the plant to in... Spoiled goats does work well for some horses 's mouth States wheat is a of! Every day, donkeys eat Kansas beardless wheat hay vs alfalfa Montana, and straw, example! Be costly [ Middle English barli, from Old English brlic ft. expanded addition. 'S mouth grass hat for our goats alfalfa has two to three times much... Can cause still be green hay is yield per acre planting Rate: 80 -... It will be less apt to have 16 to 20 % of proteins per unit of energy protein... To shaving with, across or against the direction in which Your beardless wheat hay vs alfalfa. Than the timothy hay as that is what I have available like all grass hays meets. Of horse being fed oats can be grown for hay I mostly give goats... Give my goats grass hay should not have a single horse or.! Fall they free range on about 8 acres has protein of about 16 % alfalfa... Einkorn and club wheats just be all junk hay quality can vary greatly, depending on growing conditions and of! And rain, the answer is not grain and alfalfa/timothy pellets to my buck and and...
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